Factors that prolong hospitalization of patients with spinal cord injury
Keywords:
SCI, hospitalization, rehabilitation, length of stay
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition which can cause damage to the sensation as well as to the motor function of the individual. Many factors have been reported to affect the length of stay (LOS) of the SCI patient in the hospital or the rehabilitation center. These factors vary among different countries, and therefore the LOS also varies. The purpose of this review is to investigate the existing literature to detect factors which may prolong hospitalization of patients with SCI. Identifying these parameters can help minimize the length of hospital stay as well as the costs and also complete rehabilitation within a required period of time. The 40 studies that were included manifested that demographic factors such as age, gender and marital status did not seem to contribute to extended hospitalization whereas both severity and etiology of injury and secondary medical complications were significantly associated with longer LOS. Moreover, prolonged length of stay of SCI patients has been associated with hospital determinants, e.g. the institutional facility and the insurance status of the patient. However, since the studies that investigate the role of hospital factors on LOS are few, more studies are required on this subject in the future.
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References
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13. Jiménez-Ávila, J.M., A. Calderón-Granados, and W.E. Bitar-Alatorre, Direct cost of spinal cord injuries. Cirugía y Cirujanos, 2012. 80(5): p. 435-441.
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15. Eastwood, E.A., et al., Medical rehabilitation length of stay and outcomes for persons with traumatic spinal cord injury—1990–1997. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1999. 80(11): p. 1457-1463. https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(99)90258-7/pdf
16. Herm, F.B., J. Spackman, and A.M. Anderson, Experiences with family supported rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury. Asia Pac Disabil Rehab J, 2000. 11: p. 31-34. https://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/z13jo0500/z13jo0510.html
17. Simpson, S., et al., Predicting the impact of new health technologies on average length of stay: development of a prediction framework. International journal of technology assessment in health care, 2005. 21(4): p. 487. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sue_Simpson/publication/7504153_Predicting_the_impact_of_new_health_technologies_on_average_length_of_stay_Development_of_a_prediction_framework/links/549154c30cf214269f27ffe1.pdf
18. Chappell, P. and S. Wirz, Quality of life following spinal cord injury for 20-40 year old males living in Sri Lanka. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J, 2003. 14(14): p. 162-178.
19. Lim, P.A. and A.M. Tow, Recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury: a review and summary of recent literature. Annals-Academy of Medicine Singapore, 2007. 36(1): p. 49. http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/36volno1jan2007/v36n1p49.pdf
20. Post, M.W., et al., Duration and functional outcome of spinal cord injury rehabilitation in the Netherlands. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 2005. 42(3): p. 75. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucas_Woude/publication/7569065_Duration_and_functional_outcome_of_spinal_cord_injury_rehabilitation_in_the_Netherlands/links/0912f50ec3f09bc569000000.pdf
21. Scivoletto, G., et al., Effects on age on spinal cord lesion patients’ rehabilitation. Spinal Cord, 2003. 41(8): p. 457-464. https://www.nature.com/articles/3101489
22. Roth, E., et al., The older adult with a spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 1992. 30(7): p. 520-526. https://www.nature.com/articles/sc1992109.pdf?origin=ppub
23. Milicevic, S., et al., Predictors of Length of Stay in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin, 2015. 25(03): p. 136-140.
24. Pagliacci, M.C., et al., An Italian survey of traumatic spinal cord injury. The Gruppo Italiano studio epidemiologico Mielolesioni study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2003. 84(9): p. 1266-1275. https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(03)00234-X/fulltext
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