Contribution of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.
Keywords:
Neuralgia, Botulinum toxins, Therapeutics
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by an injury or a disease of the somatosensory system, including peripheral nerve fibres and central neurons. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. BTX interferes with the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from neuroaxon terminals at the neuromuscular synapse and thus causes flaccid paralysis. This literature review investigates the recent data regarding the efficacy of BTX in the treatment of various forms of neuropathic pain. A total of 18 original clinical trials published after 2010 were selected, 12 of which were randomized controlled studies, one was a non-randomized controlled study and the remaining 5 were case series. A total of 1,131 patients were enrolled. BTX represents an effective treatment for neuropathic pain. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to demonstrate treatment efficacy, provide guidelines in relation to its application protocols and establish possible treatment variations at different sub-groups of patients.
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References
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2. Nigam P, Nigam A. Botulinum toxin. Indian J Dermatol. 2010;55(1):8.
3. Gastel B, Day RA. How to write and publish a scientific paper. Ninth edition. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood; 2022. 348 p.
4. Sarkis-Onofre R, Catalá-López F, Aromataris E, Lockwood C. How to properly use the PRISMA Statement. Syst Rev. 2021 Dec;10(1):117, s13643-021-01671-z.
5. Shankar Kikkeri N, Nagalli S. Trigeminal Neuralgia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2023 Apr 23]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554486/
6. Wu S, Lian Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Wu C, Li S, et al. Botulinum Toxin Type A for refractory trigeminal neuralgia in older patients: a better therapeutic effect. J Pain Res. 2019 Jul;Volume 12:2177–86.
7. Zúñiga C, Piedimonte F, Díaz S, Micheli F. Acute Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia with Onabotulinum Toxin A. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2013 Sep;36(5):146–50.
8. Zhang H, Lian Y, Ma Y, Chen Y, He C, Xie N, et al. Two doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: observation of therapeutic effect from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Headache Pain. 2014 Dec;15(1):65.
9. Xia JH, He CH, Zhang HF, Lian YJ, Chen Y, Wu CJ, et al. Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Int J Neurosci. 2016 Apr 2;126(4):348–53.
10. Zhang H, Lian Y, Xie N, Chen C, Zheng Y. Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study. J Headache Pain. 2017 Dec;18(1):81.
11. Crespi J, Bratbak D, Dodick DW, Matharu M, Jamtøy KA, Tronvik E. Pilot Study of Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA Toward the Sphenopalatine Ganglion for the Treatment of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia. Headache J Head Face Pain. 2019 Sep;59(8):1229–39.
12. Johnson RW, Rice ASC. Postherpetic Neuralgia. Solomon CG, editor. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1526–33.
13. Apalla Z, Sotiriou E, Lallas A, Lazaridou E, Ioannides D. Botulinum Toxin A in Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Parallel, Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Dose, Placebo-controlled Trial. Clin J Pain. 2013 Oct;29(10):857–64.
14. Hu Y, Zou L, Qi X, Lu Y, Zhou X, Mao Z, et al. Subcutaneous botulinum toxin‐A injection for treating postherpetic neuralgia. Dermatol Ther [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2023 Apr 23];33(1). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dth.13181
15. Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang T, Sun K, Tang H, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A and Pulsed Radiofrequency on Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Teekaraman Y, editor. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2022 May 30;2022:1–9.
16. Melis M, Secci S. Diagnosis and treatment of atypical odontalgia: a review of the literature and two case reports. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007 Mar 1;8(3):81–9.
17. Cuadrado ML, García-Moreno H, Arias JA, Pareja JA. Botulinum Neurotoxin Type-A for the Treatment of Atypical Odontalgia. Pain Med. 2016 Sep;17(9):1717–21.
18. Murray RF, Asghari A, Egorov DD, Rutkowski SB, Siddall PJ, Soden RJ, et al. Impact of spinal cord injury on self-perceived pre- and postmorbid cognitive, emotional and physical functioning. Spinal Cord. 2007 Jun;45(6):429–36.
19. Rintala DH, Holmes SA, Courtade RNFD, Courtade D, Loubser PG. Prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain in veterans with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(5):573.
20. Han ZA, Song DH, Oh HM, Chung ME. Botulinum toxin type A for neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Ann Neurol. 2016 Apr;79(4):569–78.
21. Li G, Lv CA, Tian L, Jin LJ, Sun P, Zhao W. A randomized controlled trial of botulinum toxin A for treating neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec;96(20):e6919.
22. Chun A, Levy I, Yang A, Delgado A, Tsai CY, Leung E, et al. Treatment of at-level spinal cord injury pain with botulinum toxin A. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2019;5:77.
23. Davies M, Brophy S, Williams R, Taylor A. The Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul 1;29(7):1518–22.
24. Chen WT, Yuan RY, Chiang SC, Sheu JJ, Yu JM, Tseng IJ, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA Improves Tactile and Mechanical Pain Perception in Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Clin J Pain. 2013 Apr;29(4):305–10.
25. Jankovic D, Peng P, van Zundert A. Brief review: Piriformis syndrome: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Can J Anesth Can Anesth. 2013 Oct;60(10):1003–12.
26. Michel F, Decavel P, Toussirot E, Tatu L, Aleton E, Monnier G, et al. Piriformis muscle syndrome: Diagnostic criteria and treatment of a monocentric series of 250 patients. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2013 Jul;56(5):371–83.
27. Attal N, de Andrade DC, Adam F, Ranoux D, Teixeira MJ, Galhardoni R, et al. Safety and efficacy of repeated injections of botulinum toxin A in peripheral neuropathic pain (BOTNEP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Dec;15(6):555–65.
28. Eitner L, Vollert J, Maier C, Attal N. Botulinumtoxin-A-Injektionen bei neuropathischem Schmerz: Eine Post-hoc-Subgruppenanalyse bei Patienten mit peripherer Nervenverletzung. Schmerz. 2017 Oct;31(5):524–6.
29. Meyer-Frießem CH, Eitner LB, Kaisler M, Maier C, Vollert J, Westermann A, et al. Perineural injection of botulinum toxin-A in painful peripheral nerve injury - a case series: pain relief, safety, sensory profile and sample size recommendation. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019 Oct;35(10):1793–803.
Published
2023-12-28
Section
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